A Survey on the Barriers and Facilitators to EdTech Adoption in Rural Schools in Developing Countries

Abstract

Educational technology (EdTech) is seen as a promising instrument for improving educational quality, accessibility, and outcomes, particularly in rural schools in developing countries where systemic gaps exist. However, its adoption is not common in developing countries. This research investigates both barriers and facilitators to the adoption of EdTech in such settings. Facilitators include community involvement, which reflects the broader societal understanding and acceptance of EdTech. Financial and logistical support from governments or non-governmental organizations also contribute to easier adoption. Educator peer support networks and teachers who model excellent EdTech usage are crucial for empowering other teachers. Capacity building through professional development programs helps in training the teaching staff, while localized, mobile-based content enhances user engagement. Affordable technological solutions, solar-powered devices, and offline tools are believed to mitigate some challenges in resource-constrained settings. Technological limitations pose a significant barrier. Infrastructure inadequacies, such as unstable electricity and internet connectivity, hinder the adoption process. Maintenance of technology, including hardware and software updates, remains a challenge due to lack of expertise and resources. Economic constraints manifest in limited budgets, restricting the purchase and implementation of EdTech tools. Additionally, the lack of technical expertise among teachers and administrators affects utilization and troubleshooting. Cultural resistance to adopting new technology, non-contextual educational content, and language barriers further inhibit widespread adoption. This study employs qualitative exploratory methods to evaluate the roles these factors play in rural schools. The findings aim to inform policy decisions and educational practices that can enable more effective EdTech adoption in developing nations.